Plazonić, Ivana (2014) Slama žitarica kao alternativni izvor vlakanaca u izradi papira za novinski tisak = Grain straw as an alternative source of fibers for coldset paper production. Dissertation (PhD) thesis. Grafički fakutet. [Mentor: Barbarić-Mikočević, Željka].
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Abstract
Pronalazak alternativnih izvora primarnih celuloznih vlakanaca od iznimne je važnosti s obzirom da su različite vrste četinjača i listača postale nedostatna osnovna sirovina u proizvodnji papira. Istraživanja u ovom radu su usmjerena na mogućnost dobivanja nedrvnih celuloznih vlakanaca iz slame najzastupljenijih ratarskih vrsta u Hrvatskoj, pšenice, ječma i pšenoraži, te njihovoj primjeni u izradi papira za novinski tisak. Papiri te kategorije danas se najvećim dijelom proizvode iz sekundarnih sirovina, iskorištenih tiskovina. Dodatkom primarnih celuloznih vlakanaca žitarica kao zamjenske sirovine primarnim drvnim vlakancima, pri proizvodnji papira za novinski tisak može se oplemeniti pulpa sekundarnih vlakanaca koja su tijekom postupaka oporabe kemijski zasićena i istrošena. U svjetskim razmjerima provedena su mnogobrojna istraživanja pronalaska alternativnih nedrvnih sirovina kao izvora celuloznih vlakanaca. Prvenstveno se proučava njihova primjena u izradi ambalaže i valovite ljepenke (vanjskog – liner sloja i unutarnjeg – fluting sloja). Rezultati analize kemijskog sastava slame pšenice, ječma i pšenoraži ukazuju na dostatnu količinu celuloze u slami ispitivanih žitarica, te malu količinu inkrusta, prvenstveno lignina, anorganskih i akcesornih tvari čime predstavljaju potencijalnu sirovinu za dobivanje celuloznih vlakanaca. Analizom elemenata, ICP-MS metodom, potvrđuje se kako je s kemijskog aspekta slama pšenoraži najpovoljnija za obradu jer sadrži najmanji udio metala kao željeza, cinka, aluminija, kroma, nikala, olova te polumetala bora i silicija. Celulozna su vlakanca iz slame žitarica izdvojena alkalnim postupkom obrade na dva načina pri definiranim uvjetima. Laboratorijski listovi novinskog papira načinjeni su iz tržišnog novinskog papira koji se u nekim hrvatskim tiskarama koristi za otiskivanje dnevnih novina veće naklade. Optimalni udio vlakanaca izdvojenih iz slame žitarica koji je dodavan u suspenziju tržišnog novinskog papira utvrđen je na temelju rezultata ispitivanja mehaničkih svojstava neotisnutih laboratorijskih listova te najkvalitetnije reprodukcije otisnutih laboratorijskih listova s bojama za novinski tisak. Kvaliteta reprodukcije je praćena ispitivanjem otpornosti prema otiranju. Znanstveni doprinos disertacije je prilog istraživanjima o mogućnosti korištenja celuloznih vlakanaca slame žitarica hrvatskog podneblja u proizvodnji novinskog papira.
| Item Type: | Dissertation (PhD) thesis |
|---|---|
| Mentor name: | Barbarić-Mikočević, Željka |
| Thesis Committee: | Džimbeg-Malčić, Vesna and Barbarić-Mikočević, Željka and Matijašević, Ljubica and Rožić, Mirela and Gojo, Miroslav and Antonović, Alan |
| Defence date: | 29 April 2014 |
| Abstract in english: | Finding alternative sources of virgin cellulose fibers is of great importance considering that the different types of coniferous and deciduous become insufficient raw material for the paper production. The research presented in this research paper focuses on the possibility of obtaining non-wood cellulose fibers from the straw the most abundant species in Croatia, wheat, barley and triticale, and their use in newsprint papermaking. These paper categories, today, are mostly products made from recycled raw materials, especially old publications. Usage of the primary cellulosic fibre isolated from straw instead of primary wood fibres, in the newsprint papermaking process can refine recovered pulp where fibres are shortened and chemically saturated with chemicals during the recovery process. The numerous researches conducted on a global scale found alternative non-wood raw materials, as a source of cellulose fibres, which were mostly focused on their use in the packaging and corrugated cardboard (liner and fluting papers) production. The chemical composition analysis results wheat, barley and triticale straw, indicate a sufficient amount of cellulose in grain straw and a small amount of incrusting, mainly lignin, inorganic and accessory substances which are an indication of a potential raw material for the cellulose fibre isolation. By analyzing the elements, ICP - MS method, has confirmed that from chemical aspects the triticale straw is the most favourable as a raw material because it contains the smallest proportion of metals such as iron, zinc, aluminium, chromium, nickel, lead and metalloids boron and silicon. The cellulose fibres were isolated from grain straw by alkaline procedure in two ways at precisely defined conditions. The laboratory newsprint handsheets were made from market newsprint paper that is used in some Croatian publishing houses for printing a daily newspaper in larger editions. The optimum share of fibres isolated from grain straw added in the market newsprint pulp, which is normally used for cold set offset printing, was determined on the laboratory newsprint sheets basis on the mechanical tests results and the highest reproduction quality of printed laboratory handsheets by the colours for newspaper printing. The reproduction quality was monitored through smearing resistance analysis. The scientific contribution of the thesis is a research enclosure on the possibility of the cellulose fibre isolated from grain straw in the Croatian region usage in the production of newsprint. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | slama žitarica, primarna i sekundarna celulozna vlakanca, papiri za novinski tisak, mehanička svojstva papira, kvaliteta reprodukcije |
| Keywords in english: | grain straw, primary and secondary cellulose fibres, newsprint paper, mechanical properties, reproduction quality |
| Subjects: | TECHNICAL SCIENCES > Graphic Technology |
| Institution: | Grafički fakutet |
| City: | Zagreb |
| Number of Pages: | 195 |
| Callnumber: | 676.222 pla d |
| Inventory number: | 9781 |
| Depositing User: | Dora Budić |
| Status: | Unpublished |
| Date Deposited: | 26 May 2014 14:11 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jul 2014 08:09 |
| URI: | http://eprints.grf.unizg.hr/id/eprint/1977 |
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