Šarčević, Iva (2023) Karakterizacija mehaničkih svojstava perforiranoga valovitoga karona u svrhu poboljšanja razdvajanja sekundarne ambalaže = Characterization of mechanical properties of perforated corrugated cardboard in order to improve the separation of secondary packaging. Dissertation (PhD) thesis. Grafički fakultet. [Mentor: Banić, Dubravko].
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Abstract
Perforacije na valovitom kartonu koriste se, između ostalog, za otvaranje komercijalnog tipa sekundarne ambalaže, tzv. ambalaže za izlaganje na police (engl. Shelf-Ready Packaging, SRP). Upotreba spomenute ambalaža omogućava zaštitu primarne ambalaže u transportu i skladištenju u jedinici koja je spremna za prodaju. U teoriji moguće ju je jednostavno identificirati, otvoriti, staviti na policu i odložiti. Perforacije označavaju kombinaciju odrezanog i neodrezanog dijela, a trebale bi omogućiti jednostavno, brzo, sigurno i estetski prihvatljivo razdvajanje u predviđenom smjeru. Međutim, perforacije na valovitom kartonu mijenjaju svojstva valovitoga kartona, a time i čvrstoću ambalažne kutije bitne za transport, skladištenje i rukovanje. Jednostavno razdvajanje valovitoga kartona uvjetovano je zadržavanjem već postojećih pozitivnih mehaničkih svojstava. Primjena različitih tipova perforacije ovisno o njezinom pozicioniranju na stranicama kutije od valovitoga kartona predstavlja potencijal koji bi mogao zadovoljiti zadržavanje čvrstoće ambalaže uz jednostavnije razdvajanje. U ovom radu sustavno je istražen utjecaj varijabli perforacija na promjenu mehaničkih svojstava troslojnog valovitoga kartona E vala. Pod varijable perforacije spadaju: tip perforacije (označeno odrezani/neodrezani dio u mm: 1/1, 2/2, 4/2, 6/2 te 10/3.), kut pozicioniranja perforacije (kutovi su definirani u odnosu na MD smjer: 0°, 20°, 45°, 70° i 90°) i kvaliteta perforiranoga valovitoga kartona (pod oznakama: 111, 131, 177 i 177L). Ispitivanja su podijeljena na ona vezana za transport i skladištenje, te ona vezana za razdvajanje. Korelacijskom analizom utvrđen je odnos i kvantificirana povezanost različitih mehaničkih parametara valovitoga kartona s perforacijama. Multivarijantnom analizom utvrđena je varijabla s najvećim utjecajem na pojedino mehaničko svojstvo. Statistički povezana mjerenja omogućuju kombinaciju tipa perforacije s najvećim utjecajem na razdvajanje te pozicioniranje pod čim većim kutom kako bi se zadržale najveće vrijednosti kod mjerenja vezana za transport i skladištenje.
| Item Type: | Dissertation (PhD) thesis |
|---|---|
| Mentor name: | Banić, Dubravko |
| Other mentors: | Gregor-Svetec, Diana |
| Thesis Committee: | Donevski, Davor and Pibernik, Jesenka and Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška |
| Defence date: | 26 May 2023 |
| Abstract in english: | Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP) is a type of secondary packaging designed to reduce in-store labour cost of stacking products on shelves. However, most of the problems with SRP are involved in the area of opening and shelving. An easy opening function implies uncomplicated handling with easy separation in a predictable and desirable manner without destroying the structural integrity of the packaging. Perforations on corrugated cardboard are one of the ways for easy opening of Shelf Ready Packaging. They serve as a separation line for converting the transport packaging into the shelf-ready display tray. Obviously, the perforations on corrugated cardboard affect the mechanical properties. Various perforations placed on different sides of the case affect the structural integrity of the transportation box. Better insight in the mechanical properties of perforated corrugated board would improve efficiency in designing SPR. In this paper the change of corrugated cardboard mechanical properties was analysed under the influence of perforations. The focus was on determining which of the explanatory variables affect the corrugated cardboard properties the most. The explanatory variables are: Type of perforation, Angle of perforation position and Quality of perforated corrugated cardboard. They are used to explain the variability of the response variables, i.e. in a measured property. The specimens with and without perforations were prepared using die cutter with machine-made knives. Five types of perforations (labelled: 1/1, 2/2, 4/2, 6/2 and 10/3 where the first number represents the cut part in millimetres and the second number represents the uncut part in millimetres) were positioned in five defined angles (0°, 20°, 45°, 70°, and 90°, where 0° represents Machine Direction, MD) and tested on four different quality of three-layer E-flute corrugated cardboard (labelled as follows: 111, 131, 177, 177L). Seven measurements were carried out in order to observe the behaviour of perforated specimens. The measurements were divided into two categories: measurements related to transport and storage: edge crush test, burst strength test, 3-point bending stiffness test in Machine Direction and Cross Direction, and measurements related to the separation of corrugated cardboard by perforation: tensile test: in-plane and out-of-plane, and tear test. Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the effect of perforation variables on the change of corrugated cardboard mechanical properties. The specimens without perforation were also teste din the first category and compared with the perforated ones. Statistical analysis determined and quantified the reduction in all mechanical properties of perforated corrugatedcardboard. Correlation analysis was used to statistically verify and quantify the relationship between the obtained results. Results of edge crush test and bending stiffness test (CD) are in positive correlation and in negative correlation with the results of bending stiffness test (MD) while results of tensile test in-plane is in positive correlation with tear test. Both last mention tests are in positive correlation with bending stiffness test (CD). The variable with the most significant influence on a particular mechanical property was determined by multivariate analysis. For the measurements in first category that are in statistically significant correlation the analysis showed that the explanatory variable angle of perforation position was the most influential and provided the most significant information to explain the variability on the loss of corrugated cardboard mechanical properties. For measurements in second category the most influential explanatory variable was variable type of perforation. Tensile out-of-plane test has eliminated the positioning of perforation at a 45degree angle. The explanation is in fracture mechanics - the crack propagates in the direction of the least resistance, which, in the case of corrugated board, is in the Machine Direction. By increasing the cut portion of the perforation, the influence of the angle on the change in the mechanical properties of the separation of corrugated cardboard is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the existing positive properties related to transport and storage by selecting a type of perforation with a larger cut portion and positioning it at an angle of about 70°, while enabling the separation of corrugated cardboard with less force. |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | valoviti karton, tip perforacije, pozicioniranje perforacije, sekundarna ambalaža, otpornost brida na pritisak, otpornost jačine pucanja, otpornost na savijanje, prekidna jakost, otpornost prema cijepanju, lom materijala |
| Keywords in english: | corrugated cardboard, type of perforation, perforation position, secondary packaging, edge crush resistance, burst strength resistance, bending stiffness, tensile strength, tear resistance, material fracture |
| Subjects: | TECHNICAL SCIENCES > Graphic Technology |
| Institution: | Grafički fakultet |
| City: | Zagreb |
| Number of Pages: | 160 |
| Callnumber: | 655:621.798:676.017 |
| Inventory number: | 10772 |
| Depositing User: | Nina Jelača |
| Status: | Unpublished |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Jul 2023 11:24 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Jul 2023 11:24 |
| URI: | http://eprints.grf.unizg.hr/id/eprint/3483 |
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